REMINDER FOR ALL POSTINGS:
PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST INITIAL PERIOD NUMBER AND TOPIC:
NATIONAL SECURITY
PROTECTION OF U.S. CITIZENS , INVESTMENTS AND TRADE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE
PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST INITIAL PERIOD NUMBER AND TOPIC:
NATIONAL SECURITY
PROTECTION OF U.S. CITIZENS , INVESTMENTS AND TRADE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Military Preparedness-
ReplyDelete• In a sense, America was somewhat ready for WWI confrontation. It stayed neutral until the German submarine and naval armies created a circular blockade around the U.K. because America was the major WWI supplyer to both Germany and Britain. Germany sought to cut off American trade with the British so that they could weaken the Brits. The German subs were ordered to sink any vessels entering or exiting Britain's waters and as a result, many U.S. cargo and supply ships were sunk by mistake.
Responding to aggression-
• There were unauthorized German submarines along the US East coast. Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in the spring of 1917 provided the final straw for US politicians, and America declared war.
The sinking of the Lusitania, an British cruise/transport ship, bound for Britain from New York. The German U-boat ring sought to sink all supply ships headed for Britain in order to starve the island. It Japan (joined the Allied Powers in 1914)
• sank the Lusitania as part of its efforts. 1195 people died, including 128 Americans.
• The Zimmerman telegram which urged mexico to attack the U.S. on Germanys behalf.
The U.S. allies
•
France
Belgium
Serbia
Montenegro
Russia
Japan (joined the Allied Powers in 1914)
Italy (joined the Allies in 1915)
Romania (joined the Allies in 1916)
United States (joined the Allies in 1917
International Organizations-
• The Wilsonian vision for collective security through American leadership in international organizations, like the newly established League of Nations, appealed to the American public, but the United States ultimately declined membership in the League due to Article X of its charter that committed the United States to defending any League member in the event of an attack. In voting down American participation, however, Congress challenged the informal tradition of the executive branch determining U.S. foreign policy.
• The U.S. did join the United Nations in 1945.
Lindsey F
ReplyDeleteHistory- Promotion of Democracy in World War I
Mr. Harris.
Period 4
Democracy greatly influenced the areas of World War I. Democracy is a form of government in where power is held by citizens under an electoral system. The change from Roosevelt to Wilson was a result of the citizens wanted a democracy instead of the previous republican era.
After the republican phase of President Theodore Roosevelt, President Woodrow Wilson ran for president. Wilson wrote a war address to “make the world safe for democracy”. Originally, Wilson did not want to go to war, but when he heard that Roosevelt wanted to run for another term, Wilson announced that there would be a preparedness program and that the United States might be going to war.
Democracy was promoted for many reasons during World War I. For instance, The US had large investments with the French and with the British. The British owed two billion and Germany owed 27 million. If those countries lost the war, they would not be able to pay back the debt. The attempts to solve the economic problems promoted democracy because the citizens thought that a change of party might solve some economic problems. By going to war, The United States would prevent Germany and France from losing money they were owed.
Besides economic problems, a major reason that the United States entered World War I was because of the Lusitania. The Lusitania was a British cruise ship headed for New York. The Germans wanted to sink all supply ships. When they sunk the Lusitania, 1,195 people died. Americans were devastated that 128 Americans died during the sinking of the Lusitania. This changed a lot of people’s minds about Germany, and spoke out, making the sinking of the Lusitania one of the biggest influences for entering World War I.
Many factors contributed to World War I. The sinking of the Lusitania and The United State’s economic problems with countries involved with World War I, all caused the promotion of democracy. Woodrow Wilson’s turn of a democratic party after Roosevelt’s republican era shifted America into a nationalistic nation that supported democracy.
Matthew Z.
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Promotion of Human Right and International Peace in Alaska:
• Alaska had few, if any, significant brushes with the subject of Human Rights and International Peace during the early 1900’s.
• American colonization of the region hoped to be racially diverse, though that never worked out properly.
• The Alaskan territory was the last of Russia’s North American colonies, and as such, was seen by some to be a great accomplishment.
• James Wickersham, a Delegate to Congress, proposed Alaska’s first statehood bill, which was unfortunately rejected due to its relatively low population. Statehood would grant residents of Alaska the rights that residents of mainland America already had.
• Numerous attempts to draw interest towards the Alaskan territory resulted in failure, up until the discovery of vast natural resources such as gold and oil. The United States government saw colonization of Alaska to be an important step in thwarting any invasive plans that Russia may have had.
• The Jones Act in 1920 required that any goods entering or leaving Alaska had to be shipped with American vessels, stopping in Seattle first. This caused Alaska to grow economically dependant on the state of Washington.
Tom Per.3 Promotion of Democracy
ReplyDelete• Aggression of axis powers was contributed to a lack of democracy and human rights.
• Roosevelt created world security organization to promote democracy.
• Churchill expressed that too much talk of democracy might pose a threat to the integrity of their empire, especially in India.
• During the 1st conference to draft the U.N. charter, the U.S. displayed an interest in promoting the idea of democracy and human rights as a major purpose in the U.N.
• With help from small countries, the U.S. pressured other major powers into accepting protection of human rights and democracy in the U.N. charter, however human rights and democracy would have to be explained in more detail and further protected in an even bigger and more important declaration to be drafted later.
• Most people in other countries thought that the promotion of democracy and human rights was the most important part in the charter.
Natalie S.
ReplyDeleteperiod 5
Promotion of human rights and international peace:
• The Lusitania was a British cruise ship. While on voyage from New York to Liverpool, a British U 20 fired a torpedo to the Lusitania. After another unknown explosion, the Lusitania sank within 20 minutes. One hundred and fourteen of the 1,924 passengers that were killed were American.
• As a result of the sinking of the Lusitania, President Woodrow Wilson addressed the U.S. Congress, and convinced them to allow him to initiate a “War against the war”. For many years, Wilson kept America out of World War I. After the sinking of the Lusitania, because Americans were involved, Wilson brought America into the war. .
• At the end of World War I, Woodrow Wilson formed the League of Nations. The League was a result of the Treaty of Versailles, and did not include Germany and Russia. The goal of the League was to prevent war from ever out breaking. The League was ultimately rejected by the Senate.
Derek M
ReplyDeletePer. 4
The League of Nations was an early experiment with the "international ideal" as it took shape in the aftermath of World War I. Horrified by the carnage that industrialization had made possible during the war, the delegates to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 sought to create an international association that could moderate the destructive impulses of competing nationalist ideals. The League of Nations was organized to pursue an international ideal by preventing future conflicts among its member states through arbitration and promotion of disarmament and cooperation between nations. The Covenant of the League of Nations was part of the Treaty of Versailles (Negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference throughout the spring of 1919, the Treaty of Versailles formally brought World War I to an end. Its lengthy and complicated provisions placed severe penalties on Germany, forcing the country to assume blame for starting the war in the first place. Although U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had been an active participant in the conference and enthusiastically supported the treaty and the League of Nations it created, the U.S. Senate felt differently and after fierce debate, voted down ratification. Instead, the United States made a separate peace with Germany and its allies.), and the organization took shape in Geneva, Switzerland in 1920. One of the most eloquent visionaries of the international ideal was President Woodrow Wilson (After the outbreak of World War I in Europe in 1914, Wilson gradually became preoccupied with foreign policy issues. Initially, the position of the administration was to adopt a policy of strict neutrality.), whose famous "Fourteen Points" address had outlined his ideas about the ways to ensure a lasting peace as early as 1918. The League of Nations was one of his Fourteen Points, and Wilson chaired the committee that wrote the covenant. Neutral states were eligible to become original members, and defeated nations were eventually permitted to join. Sixty-three countries eventually joined; the United States was the glaring holdout. Though Wilson worked hard to promote the treaty in the United States, suffering a stroke in the process, the Senate never ratified the Treaty of Versailles as the nation headed toward isolationism. For his efforts, however, Wilson received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. The League of Nations was organized with a council and assembly, prefiguring the Security Council and General Assembly that would later structure the United Nations (UN). Other bodies were created to assist the organization in reaching its goals of disarmament and economic and social welfare. The Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) and the International Labor Organization (ILO) were independent of the league but coordinated their actions with it. This peacekeeping system was designed with the idea that member states would accept the legal settlement of their disputes and that those that failed to do so would suffer the sanctions levied by the rest of the league community. On July 10, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson presented to the U.S. Senate the results of several months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to draft a treaty that would end World War I. Among the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles was the outline for an international peacekeeping organization known as the League of Nations that had been Wilson's creation and chief contribution to the peace talks.
As secretary of state from 1915 to 1920, Robert Lansing attempted to play an important role in balancing what he perceived to be President Woodrow Wilson's visionary idealism with pragmatic political concerns. Although President Wilson dealt with most major foreign policy issues on his own and relied much more on Edward House than Lansing for delicate international negotiations, Lansing nevertheless played an important role in setting the stage for U.S. involvement in World War I on the side of the Allies. When Congress failed to pass legislation in 1917 authorizing the arming of U.S. merchant ships, Lansing convinced President Wilson that he already possessed the authority. And, after several American ships had been torpedoed, it was Lansing who argued most persuasively for a declaration of war on the grounds that Germany had broken its pledge not to engage in unrestricted submarine warfare.
Derek M
ReplyDeleteper 4
The League of Nations was an early experiment with the "international ideal" as it took shape in the aftermath of World War I. Horrified by the carnage that industrialization had made possible during the war, the delegates to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 sought to create an international association that could moderate the destructive impulses of competing nationalist ideals. The League of Nations was organized to pursue an international ideal by preventing future conflicts among its member states through arbitration and promotion of disarmament and cooperation between nations. The Covenant of the League of Nations was part of the Treaty of Versailles (Negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference throughout the spring of 1919, the Treaty of Versailles formally brought World War I to an end. Its lengthy and complicated provisions placed severe penalties on Germany, forcing the country to assume blame for starting the war in the first place. Although U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had been an active participant in the conference and enthusiastically supported the treaty and the League of Nations it created, the U.S. Senate felt differently and after fierce debate, voted down ratification. Instead, the United States made a separate peace with Germany and its allies.), and the organization took shape in Geneva, Switzerland in 1920. One of the most eloquent visionaries of the international ideal was President Woodrow Wilson (After the outbreak of World War I in Europe in 1914, Wilson gradually became preoccupied with foreign policy issues. Initially, the position of the administration was to adopt a policy of strict neutrality.), whose famous "Fourteen Points" address had outlined his ideas about the ways to ensure a lasting peace as early as 1918. The League of Nations was one of his Fourteen Points, and Wilson chaired the committee that wrote the covenant. Neutral states were eligible to become original members, and defeated nations were eventually permitted to join. Sixty-three countries eventually joined; the United States was the glaring holdout. Though Wilson worked hard to promote the treaty in the United States, suffering a stroke in the process, the Senate never ratified the Treaty of Versailles as the nation headed toward isolationism. For his efforts, however, Wilson received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919. The League of Nations was organized with a council and assembly, prefiguring the Security Council and General Assembly that would later structure the United Nations (UN). Other bodies were created to assist the organization in reaching its goals of disarmament and economic and social welfare. The Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) and the International Labor Organization (ILO) were independent of the league but coordinated their actions with it. This peacekeeping system was designed with the idea that member states would accept the legal settlement of their disputes and that those that failed to do so would suffer the sanctions levied by the rest of the league community. On July 10, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson presented to the U.S. Senate the results of several months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to draft a treaty that would end World War I. Among the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles was the outline for an international peacekeeping organization known as the League of Nations that had been Wilson's creation and chief contribution to the peace talks.
As secretary of state from 1915 to 1920, Robert Lansing attempted to play an important role in balancing what he perceived to be President Woodrow Wilson's visionary idealism with pragmatic political concerns. Although President Wilson dealt with most major foreign policy issues on his own and relied much more on Edward House than Lansing for delicate international negotiations, Lansing nevertheless played an important role in setting the stage for U.S. involvement in World War I on the side of the Allies. When Congress failed to pass legislation in 1917 authorizing the arming of U.S. merchant ships, Lansing convinced President Wilson that he already possessed the authority. And, after several American ships had been torpedoed, it was Lansing who argued most persuasively for a declaration of war on the grounds that Germany had broken its pledge not to engage in unrestricted submarine warfare.
Sarah A
ReplyDeleteperiod 5
the overall history
The spark that started World War I was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarin throne. Another reason that the First World War took place was the imperialistic nature of the countries that took place in the First World War. By 1900 the British Empire extended over five continents and France had control of large areas of Africa. With the rise of industrialism countries needed new markets. The amount of lands "owned" by Britain and France increased the rivalry with Germany who had entered the rush to obtain colonies late and only had small areas of Africa.
When World War I broke out President Woodrow Wilson declared a U.S policy of absolute neutrality, the policy would last until 1917. In May of 1915 a German U-boat sank a passenger ship, Lusitania. During the attack 1,198 were killed and 198 of them being American. Wilson issued an ultimatum to Germany wither they end unrestricted submarine or the United Staes would join the war, on the allied side. Germany backed down; they couldn't deal with another power on the opposite side of the war. Germany slowly started to loose the war; they decided on Febuary 1, 1917 they would bring back unrestricted submarine warfare.
The Zimmerman Telegram was a key role in the United States involovemet in World War I. The Zimmerman Telegram was a coded telegram that stated that Germany was going to use unrestricted submarine warfare again, which would bring the United Sates into the war. The telegram was being sent to Mexico. The telegram also informed Mexico that ifthe United States entered the war that Mexico would attack the United states and German would give them military alliance. The telegram however go intercepted by Britain; they sent it to the United States. It was published in a newspaper in March and the United States had offically entered the war.
Propaganda was another big part of World War one. Propaganda was the medias way to help the country sustain military campaigns and help the nationalistic state of the people in that country. Many of the propaganda posters had the countries colors for example the United States would have red, white and blue they also normally had a catchy phrase as in "we want you." Propaganda helped the women (in the u.s) to participate and help out if also got a lot of the men to join the military.
Courtney McCormack
ReplyDeletePeriod 4
The protection of U.S. citizens, investments, and trade throughout and before the World War One was very important. The World War One was a global conflict which involved the majority of the world’s great powers. The powers were divided up into two opposing military alliances; the Entente Powers and the Central Powers. There were many events that led up to the War and many main causes that are well known. The protection of the U.S. citizens, investments and trade could not be guaranteed.
The protection of the U.S. Citizens was not guaranteed. This is shown by the sinking on the Lusitania. The Lusitania was a ship which held thousands of people aboard. This ship was full with innocent citizens. On may 7 1915, a torpedo fired by the German Submarine U 20 slammed into the side of the ship. This was followed by a mysterious second explosion which ripped apart the liner. Within eighteen minutes the giant ship slipped beneath the sea, most people never stood a chance. One thousand one hundred nineteen (1,924) aboard died, including 114 Americans. This event engaged American public opinion immediately. This changed President Wilson’s views dramatically. Wilson protested strongly against the Germans. In September, the Germans announced that passenger ships would be sunk only with prior warning. However, the hatred of Americans towards Germany was already there. Within two years America declared War. This event will be marked down in history forever because it was a main cause for the start of the War. This event was a major turning point which showed that U.S citizen’s protection can not be guaranteed and this also was a cause for the World War One.
The protection of Trade was shown threw Trade Barriers. A trade barrier is a term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts international trade. These barriers can take many forms such as; many restrictions in international trade within multiple countries that import and export any items of trade. If two or more nations repeatedly use trade barriers against each other, than a trade war results. Trade War refers to two or more nations raising or creating tariffs or other trade barriers on each other in retaliation for other trade barriers. Franklin Roosevelt believed that trade barriers were the root cause of the World War one. In 1994, he helped design the Bretton Woods Agreements to reduce trade barriers and eliminate what he saw as the saw of the conflicts. The Bretton Woods Agreements established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world’s major industrial states.
The protection of investments was shown threw buying and exchanging goods. Throughout the War, Britain and England were frequently buying goods from America.