REMINDER FOR ALL POSTINGS:
PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST INITIAL, PERIOD NUMBER AND TOPIC:
NATIONAL SECURITY
PROTECTION OF U.S. CITIZENS , INVESTMENTS AND TRADE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE
PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST INITIAL, PERIOD NUMBER AND TOPIC:
NATIONAL SECURITY
PROTECTION OF U.S. CITIZENS , INVESTMENTS AND TRADE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Katelyn B. Period 3
ReplyDeleteSpanish American War
Protection of U.S. citizens, investments, and trade
When: April 25th, 1898-December 10th, 1898
Who:
• William McKinley (1843-1901), President of the United States
• John D. Long (1838-1915), Secretary of the Navy (1897-1902)
• Russell A. Alger (1836-1907), Secretary of War (1897-1899)
• Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), Assistant Secretary of War (1897-1898)
What:
• The war began after the sinking of the battleship, Maine, in Havana harbor and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. As a result Spain lost control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippine islands, Guam, and other islands.
Where:
• The U.S. sent ships to the borders of Cuba to blockade it from being attacked by Spain.
• July 1st U.S. attacked at San Juan Hill, which resulted in more than 280 U.S. soldiers dead and over 1,500 wounded during the battle.
Why:
• Spain brutally punished Cuba when they revolted for their independence, sending over 100,000 troops to the island and placing the peasant population in concentration camps. The United States was disgusted by Spain’s actions against Cuba and wanted to help Cuba gain its independence which was one factor that led to the Spanish American War.
• American imperialism was another factor that led to the Spanish American War. The United States felt that Spain had a large control of land that could be used for trade and expansion.
• The sinking of the U.S warship Maine was the last major event that caused the United States to go to war with Spain. The U.S. sent Maine to Havana, Cuba to help protect U.S. citizens and property when it was destroyed by an underwater explosion killing a total of 266 officers and men. The U.S. believed that Spain was responsible for this attack, issuing the nation battle cry, “Remember the Maine!”
Key Words:
• Manifest Destiny: a belief that territorial expansion by the United States was both inevitable and divinely ordained.
• Imperialism: practice by which powerful nations or peoples seek to extend and maintain control or influence over weaker nations or peoples.
Brittany S. Period 5
ReplyDeleteThe Spanish American war was a conflict that ended Spain’s worldwide empire. From this war the United States gained several places in the Caribbean and the pacific. The United States president during this time period was William McKinley and vice president Theodore Roosevelt. When McKinley was shot on September 6th Roosevelt took over as the new president.
There were 2 major battles in the Spanish American war, one was the Philippines and the other one was off of Cuba. Other events during this time period were the sinking of the USS Maine at Havana, Cuba. This was sent to protect American interests during the revolt of Cubans against the Spanish government. February 1898 the Maine sunk and three quarters of the crew were killed. The battle of manila bay was also going on around this time. It was in May of 1898. Commodore George Dewey’s led seven United States navy cruisers into the bay; they located and destroyed almost the entire Spanish naval force in the Philippines. This caused the Spanish government to organize a relief expedition.
The Spanish American war also reflected some Supreme Court cases, such as the insular cases. These cases are a group of fourteen decisions of the time period of 1901-1904 that involve the application of the bill of rights to overseas territory. These cases arose right after this war. The cases presented three questions of the constitutional law and statutory construction. One question was whether the national government had the right to get territories by treaty. Another question was whether certain statutes applied to territories. The third question was whether the bill of rights applied automatically to any territory upon acquisition by the United States. In the De Lima V Bidwell case of 1901 the court confirmed that the first question was allowed.
This war has also been known for the media that took place during that time period. It has been marked as the newspaper war largely because of the influence of yellow journalism which supposedly brought on the fighting. When the USS Maine sunk propaganda went out everywhere in the United States. The United States blamed Spain for this tragedy. Randolph Hearst the editor of the New York journal knew that a war with Spain over Cuba would not only sell newspapers but move him into a position of national prominence. His propaganda was offensive; it demonized Spain for its brutal suppression of the Cuban rebellion and fueled pro-war feelings.
Clearly the Spanish American war was more then just a war that ended the century; it was also the war that launched the American century of power.
Key Terms:
ReplyDelete1. Expansionalism- Nations way of expanding it’s economic growth, and territory by the means of military aggression.
2. Imperialism- Policy by a stronger nation to create an empire by dominating weaker nations economically, politically, culturally, or militarily.
3. Annex- Join or attach
4. Yellow Journalism- Type of newspaper coverage that emphasized sensational stories.
5. Treaty of Paris- In October of 1898 commissioners from both the United States and Spain met in Paris to discuss the end to the six month war that had been going on. In December of 1898 the treaty was signed officially marking the end to the Spanish American War.
6. USS Maine- The first naval ship was sent from Key West, Florida to Havana, Cuba in 1898 to help out with civil disobediences. On February 15th the naval ship was detonated and 268 men sleeping on board lost their lives.
7. Propaganda- Information aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people.
8. Theodore Roosevelt- Twenty-sixth president of the United States, 1901-190; fought trusts, aided progressive reforms, built Panama Canal, and increased United States influence overseas.
9. William Randolph Hearst- Newspaper publisher from 1887 until his death in 1951; used “yellow journalism” in 1890s to stir up sentiment in favor of the Spanish American War.
10. Nationalism- Devotion to one’s nation
At the start of the Spanish American War Cuba wanted to become liberated from Spain in April of 1898. The Americans decided to get involved when Spain refused to free Cuba.
America influenced other nations to secede from Spain as well. The United States policy of expansionism influenced the rest of Spain’s oversees country’s to be annexed therefore they would not be in control of the Philippians, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
When revolution struck in Havana the US decided to send a military ship to show national interest and to help the people in Havana with their fight against Spain. However the ship exploded and across the nation distress spread that the US was being attacked; stories from yellow journalists prompted people to believe that the war was worse than it actually was.
As the war veered to an end more victories were won by Cuba and the small island countries. Finally in 1898 the Treaty of Paris was signed giving the United States control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippians.
After the war the United States turned Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippians into a democratic society. In 1902 Cuba ceded from the United States and became the Republic of Cuba.
When the United States went to the Philippians replace the Spanish, a war broke out between the United States and the Philippians resulting in the Philippine American War. The war only lasted four months and the US remained to control the Philippians.
After this war this marked an official entry to the United States into world affairs. From then on the United States had input on wars, and treaties ultimately making the United States imperialized.
Jaime C period 3 NATIONAL SECURITY SLIDE-
ReplyDelete• WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, AND WHY
• USE OF KEY VOCABULARY WORDS FROM TIME PERIOD
Spanish-American War
The Spanish American war was an armed conflict between the United States and Spain. Our government takes certain measures in times of emergency and war to ensure the safety of American people from the attack or influence from a foreign country; this is known as National security. Our main goal in national security is to protect the our selves form attack, we achieve this through military preparedness, responding to aggression, and allying ourselves with other friendly nations and participating in international organizations
In the Spanish American war, the government used a lot of different tactics to keep the public safe. The government used Yellow Journalism to influence the public opinion of the foreign nations, particularly Spain. Yellow journalist like William Randolph Hearst published articles with pictures, proving that the Spanish had sabotaged the Maine, an American warship to explode. Using these articles not only influenced the public to have a greater sense of nationalism but also made us more military prepared. After the sinking of the Maine it gave the United States a reason to “respond to aggression”.
Another action that the United States took when faced with armed conflict with Spain was allying itself with friendly nations. During this same time period the country, Cuba was in a struggle for its independence with Spain. The United States allied itself with Cuba to fight the war against Spain, along with this president William McKinley asked congress for permission to go to war on April 11 1898. He justified his actions on the basis on “in the cause of humanity and to put an end to the barbarities, bloodshed, starvation, and horrible miseries now existing there, and which the parties to the conflict are either unable or unwilling to stop or mitigate. It is no answer to say this is all in another country, belonging to another nation, and is therefore none of our business. It is especially our duty, for it is right at our door.” McKinley wanted the United States to respond to this aggression in Cuba because Cuba was so close to the United States geographically.
vocab
1. Yellow journalism- is a type of journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers.
2. William Randolph Hearst- an American newspaper publisher who was famous during the Spanish-American war for his use of Yellow Journalism
3. The Maine- an American battle ship stationed in Cuba where it was allegedly sunk by Spanish soldiers.
4. William McKinley- the 25th president of the United States, he was also president during the Spanish-American war.
5. Cuba- a country in the Caribbean which consist of the island of Cuba, Cuba was fighting Spain for its independence during the Spanish-American war.
6. Spain- a country in southwestern Europe, Spain had control over Cuba and several other Latin American nations.
7. Rough Riders- the 1st volunteer Calvary in 1898, the rough riders fought in the Spanish American war.
8. Theodore Roosevelt- the 26th president of the United States, famous for his military skills as a roughrider during the Spanish-American war.
9. Cuban independence- The Cuban War of Independence was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years.
10. Spanish American War – armed conflict between Spain and the US that took place between April and August 1898.
Liz B.
ReplyDeletePeriod 4
The Spanish American War
The Spanish American War was also known as "A Splendid Little War." The first action was taken place in Philippines. On May 1, 1898 Admiral Dewey attacked the Spanish ships that were anchored in Manila Bay. This destroyed Spain's Pacific fleet in just several hours. At this time in Cuba the U.S. warships bottled up Spain's fleet in just several hours. At this time in Cuba the U.S. warships bottled up Spain’s fleet in the Santiago Harbor. In Tampa, Florida the American troops met so they could develop a plan to invade Cuba. On July 3rd the Spanish fleet made an attempt to escape the Santiago Harbor. And because of this, the U.S. Navy sunk every Spanish ship. At this time in the United States celebrations was taking place for Independence Day. 2,500 Americans died in the “Splendid little war” and fewer than 400 died in the actual battle. The other deaths were caused from food poisoning, yellow fever, malaria and inadequate medical care.
When the Spanish and the Americans were fighting the President of the United States was President McKinley. An event that took pace during the Spanish and American War is on February 15, 1898 the sinking of USS Maine happened. On February 25, 1898 Admiral Dewey was ordered by Assistant Secretary Theodore Roosevelt to prepare for the Asian War. Then on May 1, 1898 the Battle of Manila Bay started and Dewey sinks the Spanish fleet. On July 3, 1898 the Naval battle of Santiago started. In 1901 there were Insular Cases when the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution and American laws applied where and it allowed the United States to keep citizenship out of the grasp of the inhabitants of its new territories. Yellow journalism which was a newspaper that shared sensational stories was a way that the public was able to see what was going on. They had newspapers and journals that anyone could purchase and it told what was going on in the war at the time.
Secretary of the State John Hay was the one that came up with the idea that the Spanish American War was called “A Splendid Little War” and this captured the public’s mood.
Aimee H
ReplyDeletePeriod:4
Nationalism in the Spanish American War
• When Cuba tried to break away from Spain, Spain came over into the United States hemisphere to try and capture their territory back.
• When the United States found out that the Spanish were coming over from Spain to capture Cuba, the put up National Security to protect them from being the next on the list. They figured is Spain could capture Cuba back; they would not just stop there.
• The Spanish violated the Monroe Doctrine, which states that no further efforts by European governments to colonize land or interfere with states in the Americas would be viewed by the United States as acts of aggression, requiring United States intervention. They wanted to keep the Spanish out, so they used this as their basis.
• The war was fought between the Spanish and the Americans.
• In the end, Spain sued for peace because they had defeats in both Cuba and the Philippines, and both of its fleets were incapacitated.
• On August 12, 1898, the signing of a Protocol of Peace between the United States and Spain took place. The formal peace treaty was not signed until December 10, 1898.
• The US gained almost all of Spain’s Territory; this included the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
• The United Sates prohibited Cuba from having alliances with other countries.
• The republican speaker in the House of Representatives did not want to “spill American blood” unless the interests of the Americans were directly threatened.
• On the other hand, Theodore Roosevelt wanted to inflict war upon Spain.
• After the United States defeated Spain, the Unites States set up a military government on Cuba
• The USS Maine arrived in Havana on January 25, 1898, and on February 15, 1898 at 9:40 p.m.; the Maine sank in the Havana Harbor after an explosion occurred.
• 266 men on the ship died.
• There were a total of four USS Maine investigations that were conducted into the causes of the explosion. The investigations came up with many different conclusions.
• The United States believes that it was a cause of the ship hitting a mine.
Danny M.
ReplyDeletePer. 4
• The United States economy was suffering from “overproduction” and had to turn to foreign markets.
• In January 1898, Cuban riots broke out in Havana, although no Americans were hurt.
• These riots disrupted American trade.
• The USS Maine was sent out because Americans living in Havana still feared for their lives.
• John D. Long, Secretary of the Navy
• Russell A. Alger, Secretary of War
• William McKinley, President of the United States
• Theodore Roosevelt, Assistant Secretary of War
• Because it was fought on Spanish soil, not many American citizens were endangered.
• At the start of the war, the US promised to grant Cuba independence after the war through the Teller Amendment.
• The US obtained Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
• The US also had rights to build naval bases in Cuba.
• As a result, the US agreed to pay Spain an indemnity of $20,000,000
Heather S
ReplyDeleteMr. Harris Period 5
Spanish American War:
Human Rights and International Peace
One of the United States main goals is the promotion of Human Rights and International Peace. The United States involvement in the Spanish American War was partly due to the endangerment of these goals. Spain was suppressing the rights of Cuban citizens with unfair treatment. It was the United States objective to insure the citizens of Cuba would be treated fairly and to reinstate a peaceful time.
Cuba during the 1890’s was rebelling persistently against Spanish rule. In response to this out break Spain sent 150,000 troops to put down the Rebellion. In 1896, General Valeraino Weyler instituted a policy of “reconcentration” in desperate attempt to prevent Cuban citizens from adding to the rebellion. This policy forced hundreds of thousands of Cubans into guarded camps, where they lived in terrible conditions, with little food or sanitation. Over 200,000 Cubans were killed in these camps due to disease, starvation and exposure. The United States had growing sympathy for the Cubans and many wanted to engage in war against Spain but President McKinley still wanted to solve things peacefully. On April 11th McKinley requested congress to allow him to intervene Cuba. Congress demanded that Spain withdraw from Cuba and set in action several intervention tactics. One being the Teller Amendment which pledged that the united States would withdraw from the island when independence was assured. This Amendment illustrates how the United States main goal was to protect the Cuban citizens Human Rights. When Spain ignored these requests and declare War on April 24th, the U.S returned by declaring War on the 25th.
Another component of the United States goals, is to maintain International peace. The Monroe Doctrine, created in 1823 by President Monroe stated that the US would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere. Due to this it was there responsibility to not only protect the human rights of the Cubans but follow through with the policy created with the Monroe Doctrine, dealing with International peace. President Mckinley wanted to keep peace with Spain for economical reasons but Spain’s persistency in Cuba forced America in a war that would only last two years. In December 1898 the U.S and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris; which finally once again brought international peace to the United States. The agreement stated that Cuba would receive their independence, and in exchange for 20 million dallars the United States would be given the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
The United States involvement in the Spanish American War partially baced on the policies created to protect International Peace and Human Rights. At the close of the war both goals were satisfied with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
Clare B
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Spanish American war
(Protection of U.S. citizens, investments, and trade)
Who- The U.S. President William McKinley
General Valeriano Weyler
What- Americas Investments and control of trade
Where- Cuba
When- 1895-1898
Why- America always had a desire in purchasing Cuba and after the ten years war that dream became a reality.
The U.S. always wanted to purchase Cuba, after the ten years war they did. First thing they did was put tariffs on sugar, favoring home grown beet sugar. By doing this type of thing added on for the Spanish citizens wanting a revolution.
Around the time of 1895 the U.S. Had more then fifty million dollars invested in Cuba and annual trade, mostly their sugar, which was worth twice that much.
Conflict between U.S. And Cuba grew stronger when General Valeriano Weyler began implementing a policy of Re concentration that moved the population into several locations guarded by Spanish troops, and placed the entire country under martial law in February 1896.
American president William McKinley wanted to get involved, after the explosion of the U.S.S Maine on Feb. 15. On March 9, 1898 congress passed a law allocating fifty million dollars to build up its military.
They discover a mine blew up the U.S.S Maine, The U.S. blockaded Cuba and four days later declares war.
Vocab
Yellow Jounalism- is a baised opinion masquerading as objective fact. An example was the new york journal published pictures after the U.S.S Maine explosion, it was a picture of the saboteurs fastening an underwater mine to the Maine.