REMINDER FOR ALL POSTINGS:
PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST INITIAL, PERIOD NUMBER AND TOPIC:NATIONAL SECURITY
PROTECTION OF U.S. CITIZENS , INVESTMENTS AND TRADE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE
PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST INITIAL, PERIOD NUMBER AND TOPIC:NATIONAL SECURITY
PROTECTION OF U.S. CITIZENS , INVESTMENTS AND TRADE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Kevin M
ReplyDeleteIntro: Many actions and policies were instituted overseas in the late 19th century to insure the protection of US trade and investments. Among these was the “Open Door Policy”, which eased the process of trade between China and Western Nations such as the United States, Britain, and France. Due to these policies, Chinese Boxers and other Nationalist groups rebelled in acts such as the Boxer Rebellion.
Boxer Rebellion
Who: Chinese Anti- Alien Terrorists also known as the Yihetuan or “boxers” by westerners. They supported by Chinese Empress Tsu Hsi. China was being exploited by nations including the United States, France, Britain, and Italy.
What: The terrorists revolted against western nations who were exploiting the Chinese economy through terrorist acts.
Where: Beijing, China
When: Early 1900’s
Why: The Chinese nationalists were fed up with Western aliens that came to their country and exploited their economy. Their ultimate goal was the expulsion of all foreigners.
Open Door Policy
Who: The United States Secretary of State John Milton Hay as well as British, French, Russian, Italian, German, and Japanese leaders.
What: The term refers to the policy of equal trading rights in China in the late 1800’s. This allowed the participating nations the same rights in Chinese trade. Developed Chinese “Spheres of Influence”.
Where: The primary focus of the policy was trading rights in China.
When: When the US signed the agreement in 1899 to the time when the new Communist regime took over China in 1949.
Why: The agreement was established so that the cooperating nations could have “equal and impartial trade with all parts of the Chinese Empire”, as well as the preservation of Chinese territorial and Administrative integrity.
Will C. Per.4
ReplyDeleteChina
Overall General History
Foreign Policy between China and the United States has always been an on going struggle to keep China from isolationism. U.S has tried to keep China’s markets open ever since 1899, when President McKinley and his Secretary of State John Hay created the Open Door Policy. This policy was to help ensure that The U.S. would have equal access to the millions of Chinese consumers.
The Boxer Rebellion was a Chinese citizen’s attempt of getting rid of foreigners. This rebellion was led by a Chinese society called the Righteous and Harmonious Fists but the media simply called them Boxers.
Controlling Immigration into America was also a very important topic. In 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act which stated that no more Chinese laborers would be allowed to immigrate to America. However those who had residency or relatives who already came to the U.S. before this act was passed were allowed to immigrate. This law wasn’t repealed until 1943. Even after the Act ended Chinese still had to undergo examinations in San Francisco. The Chinese were not like at all by American people. Citizens felt that because they are not natives then the Chinese deserve to be paid less. For example in California a white man would get $51 while a Chinese man would get $38 for doing the exact same work. The Chinese became a target for the media often putting them down saying how they are stealing American jobs.
U.S. foreign affairs with China have occurred many times since 1943. In fact in 1949 the U.S. no longer acknowledge China as even being alive because they were communist and during that time period, with America being afraid of communism, the U.S. thought it be best if they just cut ties with China. Soon in 1969 Nixon felt it was important to re open china’s trade ports. Nixon realized the important role that china would play in the U.S.’s economy. The main goal of the U.S. in China is to make sure that they are able to continue trade with them.
Emily M
ReplyDeleteWho: Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, and Russia all claimed exclusive trading rights to certain parts of China (The Spheres of Influence.)
The Open Policy was formed: This policy would guarantee equal trading rights for all and prevent one nation from discriminating against another within its sphere
What: Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer rebellion could hardly be classified as either a rebellion or a war against the Europeans
Spheres of Influence: The system of spheres of influence by which powerful nations intervene in the affairs of others continues to the present day
Open Door Policy: policy on trading rights to nations.
Where: The country called China
When: 1900s around-ish
Why: All countries wanted China goods, and the wanted trade with them. They all agreed to divide it equally with the Chinese empire.
Skye H, Period 5
ReplyDeleteChina: U.S Citizens, Investments & Trade
The British took control of all trade in Hong Kong and Singapore in 1852. Soon Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Japan all would have trading rights to certain parts of China. They began to divide China into “spheres of influence” with the United States becoming an Asian power as well. Americans began trying to find a way in to gain control of Chinas resources. Eventually a secret society attracted thousands of members who were soon known as “Boxers” and rebelled against imperial expansion. The Boxer Rebellion eventually made the Qing Dynasty very weak. It was eventually overthrown by a 1911 revolution. Later Secretary of State John Hay expanded on the Open Door Policy, when the U.S felt its commercial interests in China were threatened. This policy preserved Chinas government and surrounding territories. It was used to make sure China was not totally shut out and would also allow foreign access to Chinas trade until World War II. However, each nation avoided Hays’s request until the other nations would comply as well. By July of 1900, each power had granted consent in the principle. The Open Door Policy has led to an economic co-operation with interdependence between many countries. Chinas nationalism grew with the imperial court expressing changing China into a more constitutional country by promoting commerce, industry and banking.
Taylor S Period 4
ReplyDeleteThe Chinese were slowly becoming a sectioned area due to trade with foreign countries. Countries like Germany, Britain, France and others claimed rights to the goods of a certain territory. This was known to as the “spheres of influence”. America did not like the idea of being cut off from a certain amount of trade. All we as Americans wanted to do was to get involved in a problem affecting the income of our country. We decided to attempt to become the mediator by any means necessary. The Secretary of State John Milton Hay’s Open Door Policy Plan was given to the Chinese as a secure plan for equal trading. The Open Door Policy promised equal trading to everyone. Advertently rejected by the Chinese Empress Tsu His was juggling with multiple efforts to try and protect her countries from foreign intervention. With little hope left a rebellion started by Chinese Nationalists changed history as we know it.
The media surged after multiple diplomats representing the world were murdered by the hands of a band of Chinese nationalists called the Yihequan. Dubbed ‘The Boxer Rebellion’ this became a perfect excuse for the US to enter into keeping the peace in China. Out of the “goodness of our hearts” we intervened into Chinese affairs; promising a secure and firm position in economic trade for our products. With the Open Door Policy put into affect after the rebellion America had made a seat for themselves in Chinese trade.
Chelsea Irizarry
ReplyDeletePeriod 5
Chinas National Security
• In the 1900’s china was in a political and economic disarray
• On of state, September 6, 1899 the secretary John Hay, announced to all countries that free trade would be allowed in china. This would be known as the Open door policy.
• Hay’s proposal called for the establishment of equal trading rights to all nations in all parts of China
• Competition raged between the various powers for things such as railroad rights, mining rights, loans, etc.
• The Boxers were a secret group of Chinese who resented the strong influence of foreigners in China.
• The boxers were a secret society, known as the Fists of Righteous Harmony, attracted thousands of followers.
• The Boxers believed in supernatural powers.
• This policy reached its climax in 1900 with the Boxer Rebellion.
• At first, the Boxers wanted to destroy the Ch'ing dynasty (which had ruled China for over 250 years) and wanted to rid China of all foreign influence. This is known as The Boxer rebellion.
• Most of the countries continued to insist their devotion to the open door policy until the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1932.
• In 1899, the boxers had made a violent attack on foreigners.
• The open door policy had been weakened by secret treaties.
• The Boxer Rebellion weakened the Ch'ing dynasty's power
Brendan L. 3/5/09
ReplyDeleteMr.Harris China: national security
China in the late 1800s had very important, valuable and wanted recourses. China had countries like Russia, Germany, Austria, Great Britain, France, and Italy into “spheres of influence” to receive trading rights with China. With China being a very valuable country, the U.S. wanted to be included in this influence. After acquiring the Philippines, this helped the U.S. to be much closer to China’s vast resources. But now the U.S. would have to deal with the foreign countries that were in the sphere of influence because they did not want the U.S. to now also be involved.
John Hay, secretary of state at the time had a new idea to receive trading rights, he decided to negotiate. His Open Door policy would grantee equal trading rights to prevent discrimination over one nation. The nations agreed but dined the policy, and since all the nations agreed Hay considered the agreement to be “final and definite.”
Boxers came around this time. They were fighting to overthrow the imperial Ch’ing government. After the crafty empress found out a way to use the Boxers now they were fighting for the Ch’ing and against foreigners. Boxers began to fight the foreigners and soon there were fierce attacks for two months. Supplies were low, over 70 people died, and many more were wounded. After this craziness, the foreign countries grew eager to get out. Then after all this, Hay called for the “Open Door Policy” not only in the spheres of influence, but with all of China. Other nations agreed to this policy, and the Open Door policy allowed foreign access to China's markets.
Promotion of Human Rights and International Peace in China
ReplyDeleteThe issue of human rights and international peace in china during the 18th and 19th centuries was on the minds of many foreign nations. Chinas traditional policy of isolationism was looking to be broken by foreign influence, with the rising population of U.S. immigrants in China looking to make a buck the Chinese grew resentful of Americans and most other foreign influence and thus started the boxer rebellion. Other issues in China relating to international peace were the “open door policy” which was designed to partition areas of China for foreign investments.
America, Japan, and Russia were three big powers that all wanted a piece of the Chinese market to sell goods to and make money off of. However, the three nations were not like European nations in that they did not divide and conquer the land among themselves. These three nations agreed upon a policy we know today as the “Open Door Policy”, which outlined standards for trading with China. The open door policy outlined spheres of influence that were not based on military might but economic control. However, China did not enjoy all this attention and influence from foreign nations. China’s way of life in areas with high foreign influence started to mold to those foreign influences which many Chinese nationalists did not like. In the late 1900’s many Chinese nationalists took up arms to try and eliminate the foreign influence in their country by attacking foreign immigrants. With much of this foreign influence trying to put down he labor forces of China with low pay and long hours as in America, it was only a matter of time before they tried to end all foreign influence. The open door policy was not officially recognized until the mid twentieth century.
Overall international peace and human rights were an issue in china during the time of the open door policy. Maintaining a balanced sphere of influence between the nations of Japan, Russia and the U.S. was one of the purposes of the open door policy so as not to cause any unnecessary tensions between nations. The sole purpose of this policy was to ensure the opportunity for U.S. investors and business’s to have a piece of Chinas huge markets.