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NATIONAL SECURITY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PROTECTION OF U.S. CITIZENS, INVESTMENTS AND TRADE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY
PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE
Ellie A. Period 2 Alaska
ReplyDeleteOverall General History of Alaska 20th Century
• President During Annexation of Alaska- Andrew Johnson; Democrat
• Events during time period
1. Because of Manifest destiny, the Americans felt that they should have the right to own the land of Alaska. Also, they thought that they couldn’t turn down the price of the land.
2. Early in 1867 negotiations for the purchase of the territory started, and a treaty to that effect was completed by the exchange of ratifications at Washington D.C. on June 20, 1867. William Seward the government of NY bought what is now called Alaska. The price paid was $7,200,000.
3. Remarkable discoveries of gold in the neighborhood of the Klondike and Yukon rivers
4. A new military department comprising the entire Territory
5. Conflict between the American and Canadian miners concerning the boundary. Both parties claimed territorial rights to the richest fields and the most land.
6. Anglo-American Commission appointed in 1898 for the purpose of negotiating a plan to settle controversy between borders with Canada and the United States.
• Media’s Take- the American army was being sent to Alaska to try to set up the land that America bought. Many called this land the Indian Country because the population of Alaska consisted mainly of Native Americans. The civilians were very hostile and used violence against the American soldiers forcing the United States to spend $330,000 more annually to maintain its troops in Alaska. They felt as if they were being taken advantage of and felt extreme hatred towards the United States. The media in both the new territory and the United States was very different.
• Since so many soldiers were being sent to Alaska, citizens of American began to wonder, what is this new place? They wanted to go over and see what the new territory had to offer. It had gold, oil and raw materials to offer. Many people found new jobs and it was a very prosperous time for the United States citizens.
sonofthesouth.net/texas/aska.htm
http://www.akhistorycourse.org/articles/article.php?artID=133
Ellie A. Period 2
ReplyDeleteOverall General History of Alaska 20th Century
• President During Annexation of Alaska- Andrew Johnson; Democrat
• Events during time period
1. Because of Manifest destiny, the Americans felt that they should have the right to own the land of Alaska. Also, they thought that they couldn’t turn down the price of the land.
2. Early in 1867 negotiations for the purchase of the territory started, and a treaty to that effect was completed by the exchange of ratifications at Washington D.C. on June 20, 1867. William Seward the government of NY bought what is now called Alaska. The price paid was $7,200,000.
3. Remarkable discoveries of gold in the neighborhood of the Klondike and Yukon rivers
4. A new military department comprising the entire Territory
5. Conflict between the American and Canadian miners concerning the boundary. Both parties claimed territorial rights to the richest fields and the most land.
6. Anglo-American Commission appointed in 1898 for the purpose of negotiating a plan to settle controversy between borders with Canada and the United States.
• Media’s Take- the American army was being sent to Alaska to try to set up the land that America bought. Many called this land the Indian Country because the population of Alaska consisted mainly of Native Americans. The civilians were very hostile and used violence against the American soldiers forcing the United States to spend $330,000 more annually to maintain its troops in Alaska. They felt as if they were being taken advantage of and felt extreme hatred towards the United States. The media in both the new territory and the United States was very different.
• Since so many soldiers were being sent to Alaska, citizens of American began to wonder, what is this new place? They wanted to go over and see what the new territory had to offer. It had gold, oil and raw materials to offer. Many people found new jobs and it was a very prosperous time for the United States citizens.
sonofthesouth.net/texas/aska.htm
http://www.akhistorycourse.org/articles/article.php?artID=133
Mike E.
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Overall General History of Alaska
Alaska was purchased in 1867 from Russia for $7,200,000 during the presidency of Andrew Johnson. When Alaska was purchased, its 586,412 square miles of land remained partly unexplored. At the time, this purchase was known as Seward’s Folly because it was promoted by the Secretary of State William H. Seward who had long favored expansion and many believed that it was foolish to spend that much money on such a remote region.
• Andrew Johnson had a lot of tension with the Radical Republicans because of his succession.
• During this time period, there were two attempts to remove Andrew Johnson from office.
• Johnson was acquitted, although one more vote would have shown a “Guilty” verdict.
• Also in the U.S., On February 9th, Nebraska became the 37th state, shortly after the American Civil War.
• Its Capital was moved from Omaha to Lancaster which was later named Lincoln after the recently assassinated President.
• Alaska Day is celebrated on October 18th which was the day that Alaska was transferred from Russia to the US.
• Alaska also celebrates the purchase on the last Monday of March which is called Seward’s Day
Melissa W. Overall General History Page Period 4
ReplyDeleteAmerican Foreign Policy is based entirely on imperialism, which is when one country tries to gain power over other smaller countries and adopt them as colonies. Many Americans opposed European imperialism and even American imperialism. The USA government justified imperialism by the theory of manifest destiny which is the belief that it is our destiny to expand and gain land. There was a widespread debate over American imperialism. On one side of the argument people who saw economic and strategic benefits of gaining colonies supported imperialism while others felt that imperialism contradicted America’s founding beliefs of neutrality. Rudyard Kipling wrote a book titled White Man’s Burden which shows how American’s felt about foreign policy at this time. Kipling wrote that it was America’s job to civilize the rest of the world. While many people supported American imperialism many there was widespread criticism surrounding European imperialism. There major differences between US imperialism and European imperialism. European imperialism was more formal than American imperialism and Europe had more control over their imperialistic ways. American imperialism was much more informal with less control over their actions. American imperialism was mainly based on power over others while European imperialism was widely based on domestic and overseas trade and influence.
America used these principles in order to annex, or take over, Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867 by William Seward. Seward was Secretary of State. At this time there weren’t many people in Alaska. Everyone thought Alaska was a worthless investment for the United States because people thought it only consisted of snow and ice. Seward was often made fun of for the purchase of Alaska. His purchase became known as Seward’s Folly. As it turns out the country was proven wrong and Alaska did have many valuable resources that were useful for America. Abundant amounts of fur, fish, lumber, coal, gold, and most importantly oil were found in the Alaska territory. President Eisenhower made Alaska the 49th state admitted to the USA on January 3, 1959. Alaska turned out to be a great benefit for the United States and helped shape American Foreign Policy of imperialism.
Hawaii was also annexed by the United States but in a very different way than Alaska. The Hawaiian Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean and were settled by American missionaries in the 1820s. These islands were profitable for American Sugar Planters. The American Sugar Planters wanted control over this land. The Sugar Planters led a revolt against the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani. Queen Liliuokalani wanted to get rid of the preexisting foreign power in Hawaii by America. The US marines dethroned Queen Liliuokalani in the revolt started by the Sugar Planters. America had gained control over Hawaii in 1869. Sanford Dole became the president of Hawaii. Dole willingly agreed to annexation by the United States. The Hawaiian republic ended officially in 1900. President Eisenhower officially made Hawaii the 50th state of the USA shortly after Alaska on August 21, 1959. The annexation of Hawaii helped to shape US foreign policy and imperialism.
Alaska shaped foreign policy by showing that imperialism could be peaceful and beneficial to the country while Hawaii showed that imperialism could be violent and create enemies for the United States. Overall the annexation of Alaska and Hawaii made America more powerful.
Jackie G
ReplyDeletePeriod 4
Alaska-
Promotion of Human Rights and International Peace
Industrialization led the United States to rethink about its foreign policy due to the need of new raw materials and markets, especially for the expansion outside the continent! By the 1800s, the U.S. began to expand, one country including Alaska.Promotion of Human Rights and International Peace was a challenge once the US bought Alaska from Russia. In 1867 , the Tsar of Russia reached an agreement with US Secretary of State William H. Seward. Russia agreed to sell Alaska to the US for $7 million becausethey became uninterested in Alaska when fur trade declined. Seward was criticized for the afreement aquiring this frozen wasteland, which then became known as "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Icebox." A Gold Rush
soon transformed Alaska. Oil was found in Southern Alaska which gave anothedr important new industry. Once this oil was found, conflicts negotiating the purchase of Alaska soon erupted. It became a problem when the mass media thought that Alaska was leased to the U.S. for only 99 or 150 years and has to be returned to Russia. After the 1917 revolution in Russia, the tsarist's secret agreements were denounced and voided. Canada became involved bringing in a boundary dispute with the US and Alaska. It began when the U.S. purchased Alaska from Russia in 1867. An agreement was made based on the agreement made by Russia and Great Britain. There was also a convention made up regarding the territory ceded to the U.S. by the treaty between the US and Russia in 1867. The convention failed to be ratified by the U.S. Senate and the question remained unsolved for several years. The Alaska Human Rights Commission has the power to investigate and hold hearings on human rights violation complaints.
Robert Whitcomb
ReplyDeletePeriod 4
Alaska
National Security:
• Alaska was purchased from the Russians in 1867 for about $7.2 million by a negotiation worked out from secretary of state William H. Seward. Alaska was only considered a territory during this time until the gold rush and World War II brought more people and military there. Military bases were set up along the aluetian islands due to fear of Japanese attack in World War II. Alaska wasn’t declared a state until 1959.
• Ever Since Russian Czar Peter the Great sent Vitus Bering to explore the Alaskan coast Russia had kept interest in this region which was full of natural resources and was barely inhabited by any type of life. After the purchase of Alaska by the United States Russia lost interest because it never really had the finacial or military resources to settle in Alaska.
• The 1968 discovery of Oil lead to a serious national security interest in Alaska. This discovery of huge Oil reserves led to the building of the trans-alaska pipeline to transfer oil from the north end of Alaska to the southern end of Alaska. This pipeline transports millions of barrels of crude oil to the ice free ports on the southern end of Alaska. The building of this vast trans-alaska pipeline cost $8 billion.
• Alaska became a very important strategic importance during World War II. It was very important because its within seeing distance of Russia and very close to Japan. Which were top allies of the Nazi and Axis forces. Military bases were setup along the Aleutian Islands to protect against any type of invasion, considering that the three outer islands where in fact invaded by Japanese troops and where being occupied by them.
Eve K.
ReplyDeleteperiod 4
Alaska
Protection of U.S. citizens, investments, and trade
•Alaska was purchased from Russia on Oct. 18, 1867 for $7,200,000.
•Russia had been interested in selling Alaska for a number of years. The region seemed to have little value and was remote and hard to defend.
•Negotiations with the United States were opened during the Buchanan administration, but came to a halt with the opening of the Civil War.
•Seward actually began negotiations with the Russians before receiving authorization from Johnson. Nonetheless, when the outline of a deal was presented to the cabinet, Seward was surprised to find little opposition
•The purchase had been widely ridiculed as ‘Seward’s folly’, “Seward’s Icebox” or Johnson’s “polar bear garden.”
•It was not until the 1890s with the discovery of gold that public attitudes regarding Alaska began to change.
•There was a reported census of 33,426 Alaskans.
•There was a gold rush of 1898 which resulted in a mass of 30,000 people.
•1953 - Oil well drilled near Eureka on Glenn Highway marks the beginning of Alaska's modern oil history; first plywood operations begin at Juneau; first big Alaskan pulp mill opens at Ketchikan.
•1955 - Alaskans elect delegates to constitutional convention.
•1955 - Constitutional Convention opens at University of Alaska.
•1956 - Territorial voters adopt the Alaska Constitution; send two senators and one representative to Washington under the Tennessee Plan.
•1958 - Statehood measure passes; President Eisenhower signs the statehood bill.
•In 1968 a large oil and gas reservoir on the Arctic coast near Prudhoe Bay was found.
•The reservoir had an estimated 10 billion barrels of oil and 27 trillion cubic feet of gas.
•The trans-Alaska pipeline was completed in 1977 which had cost 7.7 billion dollars.
•The oil flows through the 800-mile long pipeline from Prudhoe Bay to the port if Valdez.
•1969 - North Slope Oil lease sale brings $900 million in.
•Peter the Great, czar of Russia.
Sara F
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Alaska – Promotion of democracy
• Who: The state of Alaska (the People)
• What: The promotion of democracy began in Alaska when the previous government was no longer adequate by the conditions faced by the people. In 1942 some Aleutain Islands got over crowded by the Japanese and the construction of military bases added to the amounts of people living in some of the Alaskan Cities. In the year 1968 oil was discovered and the 1977 completion of Trans Alaska Pipeline led to an oil boom. 1912 the Congress passed the second organic Act and Alaska was reorganized and renamed. 1916 ,the population grew to around 58,000 people. James Wickersham who was a delegate to congress at the time let down alaska when he failed to pass the statehood bill because of the little population. President Warren G. Harding’s could not convince people to gain interest in Alaska so that they could pass this bill. Soon later Alaska was split into four different divisons.
How Alaska Was Purchased:When a czar (peter the great) explored the Alaskan coast, Russia quickly caught on to how valuable this land was. It was rich in natural resources and lightly inhabited also more extensive and richest fur-seal fishing. Once the US expanded westward, they started to see competition with the Russians. Moscow (the leader of Russia) couldn’t afford to take on a new land and support major settlements. Because of this, Russia offered a deal to American to sell them Alaska in 1859 thinking that the United States would “ offset the designs of Russia’s greatest rival … Great Britain .“ But when the civil war began in the United States, that made a delay to purchase Alaska because all of the debt. But after the war in 1867 United States continued the deal for 7.2 million dollars in exchange for Alaska. For about 30 years Alaska had little attention paid to them which was governed under the military. Alaska officially became a state in 1959.
• Where: Alaska, Russia, United States.
• When: Purchase of Alaska = 1867
US expanded westward = early 1800’s
Russia offered to sell Alaska = 1859
US constituted a civil government = 1884
Alaska became a state = 1959
• Why: Russia was going threw bad debt and they were scared losing Russian America in some future problem. Also to the rivals (British) who they fought with before. When Alaska was not getting any attention at the time , population of nerby british colombia started to go up. Alexander the second decided to sell the territory thinking of starting a “money” war with British and Americans but the british wanted nothing to do with buying alaska.
Sara F
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Alaska – Promotion of democracy
• Who: The state of Alaska (the People)
• What: The promotion of democracy began in Alaska when the previous government was no longer adequate by the conditions faced by the people. In 1942 some Aleutain Islands got over crowded by the Japanese and the construction of military bases added to the amounts of people living in some of the Alaskan Cities. In the year 1968 oil was discovered and the 1977 completion of Trans Alaska Pipeline led to an oil boom. 1912 the Congress passed the second organic Act and Alaska was reorganized and renamed. 1916 ,the population grew to around 58,000 people. James Wickersham who was a delegate to congress at the time let down alaska when he failed to pass the statehood bill because of the little population. President Warren G. Harding’s could not convince people to gain interest in Alaska so that they could pass this bill. Soon later Alaska was split into four different divisons.
How Alaska Was Purchased:When a czar (peter the great) explored the Alaskan coast, Russia quickly caught on to how valuable this land was. It was rich in natural resources and lightly inhabited also more extensive and richest fur-seal fishing. Once the US expanded westward, they started to see competition with the Russians. Moscow (the leader of Russia) couldn’t afford to take on a new land and support major settlements. Because of this, Russia offered a deal to American to sell them Alaska in 1859 thinking that the United States would “ offset the designs of Russia’s greatest rival … Great Britain .“ But when the civil war began in the United States, that made a delay to purchase Alaska because all of the debt. But after the war in 1867 United States continued the deal for 7.2 million dollars in exchange for Alaska. For about 30 years Alaska had little attention paid to them which was governed under the military. Alaska officially became a state in 1959.
• Where: Alaska, Russia, United States.
• When: Purchase of Alaska = 1867
US expanded westward = early 1800’s
Russia offered to sell Alaska = 1859
US constituted a civil government = 1884
Alaska became a state = 1959
• Why: Russia was going threw bad debt and they were scared losing Russian America in some future problem. Also to the rivals (British) who they fought with before. When Alaska was not getting any attention at the time , population of nerby british colombia started to go up. Alexander the second decided to sell the territory thinking of starting a “money” war with British and Americans but the british wanted nothing to do with buying alaska.
Sam L
ReplyDeletePeriod 3
Alaska- National Security
Background Information:
Purchased in 1867 from Russia, which ended their presence in North America
Who:
William Henry Seward
Alexander II
Peter the great
What:
National security in Alaska. Their mission is and always has been to prevent attack, recover from attack and prevent vulnerability
National Security is there to protect our country and out resources
When: Alaska was purchased in 1867 and then became a state in the mid 1900s
Why: Alaska is under populated and contains many natural resources such as oil. This made Alaska appealing. But now we need to protect our resources. And that’s where national security comes in. Since Alaska is so close to Russia there is a higher sense of security.
Key Terms:
William Henry Seward- New York Governor and senator and secretary of state under Lincoln and Johnson. He promoted the purchase and favored expansion.
National Security- A collective team for the defense and foreign relations of a country and the protection of the interest of the country
Tsar Alexander II- The tsar who we purchased Alaska from. Known as the great Liberator, assassinated in 1881.
Peter the Great- The tsar who officially sold Alaska to the United states.
Manifest Destiny- The destiny of the country and what we do and how we expand.
Resources- something that can be used for support or help.
Seward’s day - A holiday in Alaska, named after William Seward who was in favor of the purchase.
Johnson’s polar bear garden- Is a nick name for Alaska because of the climate of the territory and Johnson being the president at the time of the purchase.